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Glossary |
The definitions of the terms and acronyms which are commonly used in Networking and those related to TL1 API are listed below.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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A |
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It is a short reply from the network element indicating that an input command message is being acted upon or has been immediately rejected. The essential purpose of an acknowledgment is to reassure a user that a command that takes a long time to execute has been received by the network element.
An Agent is a software process that resides in the device and makes the management information available to the manager. It is to be understood that an agent is a program that resides in the device or the application and does not constitute a separate entity.
Alarms are autonomous messages generated by the agent and sent to managers connected to it during emergency. It does not have an explicit input message associated with it.
A collection of functions and data defined to provide a common, standardized point of access to a specific process, hardware device, or operating system service. An API can be contrasted with a graphical user interface or a command interface (both are direct user interfaces) to an operating system or a program.
A program designed to be executed from within another application. Unlike an application, applets cannot be executed directly from the operating system. A well-designed applet can be invoked from many different applications. Web browsers, which are often equipped with Java virtual machines, can interpret applets from Web servers. Because applets are small in file size, cross-platform compatible, and highly secure, they are ideal for small Internet applications accessible from a browser.
Applications are standalone programs designed to perform a particular task.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode is the name given to a high-speed, connection-oriented networking technology that is used in both local area and wide area networks. |
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B |
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Bit is binary information. It can be either 0 or 1.
A group of eight bits makes a byte.
A device used to route packets from one network to another based on the hardware addresses of the network nodes. It interconnects two Local Area Networks (LANs) which use the same logical link control protocol but may use different medium access control protocols.
Browser Client runs in a Web browser. All the data, classes, etc., are loaded from the remote server. This is basically started as a plug-in from the browser, which will start the applet. |
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C |
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One of the functional areas of network management that is concerned with the physical and the logical connection of devices such as routers, bridges, hubs, etc. and how each of the devices is configured to operate. |
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D |
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Logical grouping of information sent as network layer unit over a transmission medium without prior establishment of a virtual circuit. IP Datagrams are the primary information units in the Internet.
Device in this context is a node or a network element that contains parameters which can be managed from a local or remote location. |
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E |
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Element Management System is a software basically used for monitoring and managing a device in a network. A local-area network (LAN) protocol developed by Xerox Corporation in cooperation with DEC and Intel in 1976. It uses a bus or star topology and supports data transfer rates of 10 Mbps. The Ethernet specification served as the basis for the IEEE 802.3 standard, which specifies the physical and lower software layers. It is one of the most widely implemented LAN standards. |
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F |
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Frequently Asked Questions are documents which list and answer the most common questions on a particular subject.
One of the functional areas of network management that deals with the task of detecting problems arising in the network. It reports the problems in the device and undertakes corrective measures.
Stands for Fault management, Configuration and Testing, Accounting, Performance management, and Security.
It stands for Fiber Distributed Data Interface, a set of ANSI protocols for sending digital data over fiber optic cable. FDDI networks are token-passing networks, and supports data rates of up to 100 Mbps. FDDI networks are typically used as the backbone of wide area networks.
Firewalls are systems which establish access control policies among networks. They can block information from entering a network or from getting out of that network. They can permit different users to perform different kinds of operations, according to the user's authorizations.
File Transfer Protocol is a program used to transfer files from one system to another. It provides a rich set of features and options, such as user authentication, data conversion, directory listings, etc. |
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G |
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A network node used to provide access to a network or to a specific group of other network nodes. It is simply an internetworking device that connects two computer networks which use different communications architecture.
Graphical User Interface is an application or operating system interface that uses bitmap and/or vector graphics to display data and provide operational control to the user. |
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H |
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It is a computer system in a network. It is similar to a node and usually implies a computer system, whereas node generally applies to any networking system, including access servers and routers. Hosts typically support a full TCP/IP stack through the application layer.
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web. HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. HTTP is called a stateless protocol because each command is executed independently, without any knowledge of the commands which came before it. |
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I |
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The physical and logical arrangement supporting the attachment of any device to a connector or to another device. It can also be a software that allows the user to interact with the system.
An Internet or Internetwork is the connection of two or more distinct networks so that computers in one network are able to communicate with computers in another network.
Internet Protocol is a part of the TCP/IP protocol suite that defines the IP datagrams, the unit of information passed through an internet and provides the basis for connectionless, reliable packet delivery service. IP includes the ICMP control and error message protocol as an integral part. |
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J |
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JAR (Java Archive) is a platform-independent file format that aggregates many files into one. Multiple Java applets and their requisite components (.class files, images, and sounds) can be bundled in a JAR file and subsequently downloaded to a browser in a single HTTP transaction, greatly improving the download speed. The JAR format also supports compression, which reduces the file size, further improving the download time. In addition, the applet author can digitally sign individual entries in a JAR file to authenticate their origin. It is fully backward-compatible with existing applet code and is fully extensible.
Object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems to solve a number of problems in modern programming practice. The Java language is used extensively in World Wide Web, particularly for applets.
Java Development Kit is a software development package from Sun Microsystems that implements the basic set of tools needed to write, test, and debug Java applications and applets. |
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M |
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A Manager is a separate entity that manages the agents from a remote place. This is typically a network management station
A message is a piece of information that is transmitted between the manager application and the TL1 device for management purposes. |
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N |
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Network Element is a device in the network that contains management information and can be managed from a remote location.
Network Management Station or Network Management System. NMS is a generic term referring to single software application used to provide network management capability, or a collection of network management applications, or a physical workstation used to perform network management operations. |
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O |
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Open Systems Interconnection is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect dissimilar devices in a network. |
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P |
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Parser is a tool that is used to verify the structure of any message. In our case, the TL1 Parser is used to check the syntax of the TL1 messages used for communication between the manager and the agent.
One of the functional areas of network management that involves monitoring the network performance and tuning the network according to the need.
Plug-in is a third-party tool or an application that can be integrated with the TL1 API to perform certain tasks.
A protocol is a set of rules and conventions between the communicating participants. |
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Q |
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Query is a request sent from the manager application to the TL1 Agent in order to perform some control actions or to retrieve information available in the TL1 device. |
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R |
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An internetworking device that connects two computer networks. It makes use of an internet protocol and assumes that all of the attached devices in the network use the same communication architecture and protocol. |
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S |
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Session is nothing but a TCP socket or a connection established between two network entities.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a primary protocol used in the transfer of management information between two or more network entities or nodes.
A device that links several LANs and provides packet filtering between them. A LAN switch is a device with multiple ports, each of which can support an entire Ethernet or Token Ring LAN. |
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T |
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The Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol is a suite of protocols used to convey data from one part of a network to another. It is a standard transport-level protocol that provides the reliable, full duplex, stream service on which many application protocols depend.
TELNET provides a remote login facility. It allows an interactive user on a client system to start a login session on a remote system. Once a login session is established, the client process can access all the resources available in the remote machine.
Transaction Language 1 is an ASCII-based system management protocol widely used in the telecom industry for managing the telecom infrastructure. Since TL1 is ASCII based, it can be used as both Human-to-Machine and Machine-to-Machine language, without any translations.
A tree is a collection of nodes and their related messages. |
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U |
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UDP is a connectionless transport protocol included in the TCP/IP suite and described in RFC 768. UDP is used to route messages at the host level. The PDUs are encapsulated in the User Datagram Protocol before it is transported through the network.
Uniform Resource Locator, the global address of documents and other resources in the World Wide Web. The first part of the address indicates what protocol to be used, and the second part specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located. |
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W |
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World Wide Web. Large network of Internet servers providing hypertext and other services to terminals running client applications such as a browser. |
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X |
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Extended Markup Language. XML is used to define customized document types. It enables the programmers to write applications to handle and understand the document types. It makes the document types suitable for delivery and interoperability over the Web. |
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